Abstract Background Although outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have improved, women show higher mortality. Objectives To assess gender differences in presentation, management and in-hospital mortality, at 30-days, 6-months and 1-year after STEMI. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 809 consecutive patients treated with primary PCI and compared the females versus males at the local intervention cardiology database. The level of significance used was p<0.05. Results Women were older than man (69,1±14,6 vs. 58,5±12,7 years; p<.001) with higher prevalence of age over 75 years (36.7% vs. 11.7%; p<.001), diabetes (30,6% vs. 18,5%; p=.001), hypertension (60.5% vs. 45.9%; p=.001), chronic kidney disease (3.4% vs. 0.6%; p=.010) and acute ischemic stroke (6.8% vs. 3.0%; p=.021). At presentation, women had more atypical symptoms, less chest pain (p=.014) and were more frequently in cardiogenic shock (p=.011)). Women had longer time until reperfusion (p=.001) and were less likely to receive optimal medical therapy (p<0.05). In-hospital mortality (p=.001), at 30-days (p<.001), 6-months (p<.001) and 1-year (16.4% vs. p<.001) was higher in women. The multivariate analysis identified age over 75 years (HR=4.25; 95% CI[1.67-10.77];p=.002), Killip class II (HR=8.80; 95% CI[2.72-28.41];p<.001), III (HR=5.88; 95% CI [0.99-34.80]; p=.051) and IV (HR=9.60; 95% CI[1.86-48.59];p=.007), Acute Kidney Injury (HR=2.47; 95% CI[1.00-6.13];p=.051) and days of hospitalization (HR=1.04; 95% CI[1.01-1.08];p=.030) but not female gender (HR=0.83; 95% CI[0.33-2.10];p=.690) as independent prognostic factors of mortality. Conclusions Compared to men, women with STEMI undergoing primary PCI have higher mortality rates. Women admitted for STEMI have a worse risk profile, are treated with a higher reperfusion time related with system delays and are less likely to receive the recommended therapy. Female gender was not an independent prognostic factor for mortality in the studied population.

Resumo Fundamento Embora os resultados em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos a intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) primárias tenham melhorado, as mulheres apresentam maior mortalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar as diferenças de gênero na apresentação, manejo e mortalidade hospitalar, em 30 dias, 6 meses e 1 ano após IAMCSST. Métodos Coletamos retrospectivamente dados de 809 pacientes consecutivos tratados com ICP primária e comparamos mulheres versus homens no banco de dados de cardiologia de intervenção local. O nível de significância utilizado foi p<0,05. Resultados As mulheres eram mais velhas que os homens (69,1±14,6 vs. 58,5±12,7 anos; p<0,001) com maior prevalência de idade acima de 75 anos (36,7% vs. 11,7%; p<0,001), diabetes (30,6% vs. 18,5%; p=0,001), hipertensão (60,5% vs. 45,9%; p=0,001), doença renal crônica (3,4% vs. 0,6%; p= 0,010) e acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo (6,8% vs. 3,0%; p=0,021). Na apresentação, as mulheres apresentavam mais sintomas atípicos, menos dor torácica (p=0,014) e estavam mais frequentemente em choque cardiogênico (p=0,011)). As mulheres tinham mais tempo até a reperfusão (p=0,001) e eram menos propensas a receber terapia médica ideal (p<0,05). A mortalidade intra-hospitalar (p=0,001), em 30 dias (p<0,001), 6 meses (p<0,001) e 1 ano (16,4% vs. p<0,001) foi maior nas mulheres. A análise multivariada identificou idade acima de 75 anos (HR=4,25; IC 95%[1,67-10,77];p=0,002), classe Killip II (HR=8,80; IC 95%[2,72-28,41];p<0,001), III (HR=5,88; IC95% [0,99-34,80]; p=0,051) e IV (HR=9,60; IC 95%[1,86-48,59];p=0,007), Lesão Renal Aguda (HR=2,47; IC 95% [1,00-6,13];p=0,051) e dias de hospitalização (HR=1,04; IC 95%[1,01-1,08];p=0,030), mas não o sexo feminino (HR=0,83; IC95% [0,33-2,10];p=0,690) como fatores prognósticos independentes de mortalidade. Conclusões Comparadas aos homens, as mulheres com IAMCSST submetidas à ICP primária apresentam maiores taxas de mortalidade. Mulheres hospitalizadas por IAMCSST têm pior perfil de risco, são tratadas com maior tempo de reperfusão relacionado a atrasos do sistema e têm menor probabilidade de receber a terapia recomendada. O sexo feminino não foi fator prognóstico independente para mortalidade na população estudada.

RESUMO O estudo teve por objetivo verificar e avaliar a situação sanitária e o uso e qualidade das águas do Igarapé Santa Cruz, no município de Breves, Pará. Para obtenção dos dados, aplicou-se um questionário que abordou o uso das águas e as condições sanitárias dos moradores às margens do igarapé. Também foi realizada a coleta de água para as análises bacteriológica e dos parâmetros físico-químicos, em quatro pontos do igarapé, nos quais foram feitas duas medições para cada parâmetro a ser analisado, sendo uma na baixa-mar e outra na preamar, em agosto de 2017. Foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis físico-químicas e bacteriológicas, por meio do software Bioestat 5.3. Entre as 257 famílias entrevistadas, 175 (68,09%) utilizavam a água do igarapé para o uso doméstico, 106 (41,24%) afirmaram que a principal atividade de lazer das crianças é a recreação nas águas e 35 (13,62%) famílias despejam seus dejetos fecais direto no local. O valor médio de oxigênio dissolvido foi de 2 mg/L na maré baixa e de 4,1 mg/L na maré alta. Os valores médios do pH encontram-se entre 6,1 na baixa-mar e 7,0 na preamar. As médias de concentração de coliformes detectadas na baixa-mar foram de 101.809 NMP/100 mL para coliformes totais, 47.654 NMP/100 mL para coliformes termotolerantes e 24.970 NMP/100 mL para E. coli. Na preamar as médias foram de 49.639 NMP/ 100 mL para coliformes totais, 19.994 NMP/100 mL para coliformes termotolerantes e 4.462 NMP/100 mL para E. coli. Conclui-se que a população residente no Igarapé Santa Cruz vive em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco à saúde.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify and evaluate the sanitary situation and the use and quality of the waters of Santa Cruz creek, in the municipality of Breves, Pará. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was applied to the residents of the creeks waterfronts, which addressed the use of water and sanitary conditions. Water collection was also carried out for bacteriological physical-chemical parameters analysis, in four points of the creek, where two measurements were made for each parameter to be analyzed, one at low tide and one at high, in August 2017. The Pearson correlation test was applied between the physical-chemical and bacteriological variables, using the Bioestat 5.3 software. Among the 257 families interviewed, 175 (68.09%) used water from the stream for domestic use, 106 (41.24%) stated that the main leisure activity for children is recreation in the waters of the igarapé and 35 (13.62%) families dump their fecal waste directly into the stream. The mean dissolved oxygen value was 2 mg/L at low tide and 4.1 mg/L at high tide. The mean values for pH are between 6.1 at low tide and 7.0 at high tide. The mean coliform concentration detected at low tide was 101,809 NMP/100 mL for total coliforms, 47,654 NMP/100 mL for thermotolerant coliforms and 24,970 NMP/100 mL for E. coli. High tide the averages were 49,639 NMP/100 mL for total coliforms, 19,994 NMP/100 mL for thermotolerant coliforms and 4,462 NMP/100 mL for E. coli. It was concluded that the population residing near Santa Cruz creek lives in a situation of vulnerability and health risk.

Abstract Background: Different mechanical properties have been suggested for metallic bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) in comparison to polymeric BVS. We aim to evaluate the acute mechanical performance of Magmaris® scaffold in comparison to Absorb®. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 10 coronary lesions treated with Magmaris® and Absorb® 1.1 (20584 vs. 21016 struts) were compared. In all cases, optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images were acquired after scaffold deployment. Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics were compared, including OCT evaluations. Results: No baseline clinical or angiographic significant differences were found between groups. The most common indication for revascularization was effort angina (60% vs. 70% p = 0.45) with no ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) cases. Main target artery was left anterior descending, with a mean vessel diameter of 3.46 ± 0.23 in Absorb® and 3.52 ± 0.19mm in Magmaris® groups (p = 0.56). All cases underwent pre- and post-dilatation with a procedural success rate of 100%. OCT analyses showed larger scaffold and vessel diameters in Magmaris® group: 3.11 ± 0.38 mm versus 3.07 ± 0.36 mm, p = 0.03 and 4.12 ± 0.51 mm versus 4.04 ± 0.46 mm, p = 0.04. Despite the application of slightly higher postdilatation pressures to Magmaris® devices (18.01 ± 2.15 vs. 17.20 ± 3.80 atm, p = 0.05), significantly lower percentages of disrupted and malapposed struts were identified within Magmaris® scaffolds (0.15% vs. 0.27%, p = 0.03 and 1.06% vs. 1.46% p = 0.01). No cardiac death, target vessel-related MI, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization was reported in a 30-day follow-up. Conclusion: Mechanical properties of Magmaris® scaffold allow achieving larger vessel and scaffold diameters in a safe manner, with lower rates of malapposition and scaffold disruption.

Resumen Introducción: Se ha sugerido la presencia de un distinto comportamiento mecánico entre los dos grupos principales de dispositivos bioresorbibles: metálicos y poliméricos. En este estudio evaluamos el comportamiento mecánico agudo del andamiaje bioresorbible metálico Magmaris® frente al del polimérico Absorb®. Métodos: Se compararon dos grupos de 10 lesiones coronarias tratadas con Magmaris® y Absorb® 1.1 (20584 vs. 21016 struts). En todos los casos se realizó estudio postimplante del dispositivo mediante tomografia de coherencia óptica (OCT). Se compararon las características basales clínicas y angiográficas, así como aspectos del procedimiento (incluídos los estudios de OCT) entre ambos grupos. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias clínicas o angiográficas estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. La indicación más frecuente de revascularización coronaria fué la presencia de angina de esfuerzo (60% vs. 70% p = 0.45), sin incluirse casos de IAMCEST. La arteria descendente anterior fué el principal vaso diana, con un diámetro medio de 3.46 ± 0.23 mm en el grupo de Absorb® y de 3.52 ± 0.19mm en el grupo de Magmaris® (p = 0.56). En todos los casos se realizó pre y postdilatación, con una tasa de éxito del procedimiento del 100%. Los estudios mediante OCT demostraron un mayor diámetro de stent y del vaso en el grupo de Magmaris®: 3.11 ± 0.38mm versus 3.07 ± 0.36 mm, p = 0.03 y 4.12 ± 0.51mm versus 4.04 ± 0.46mm, p = 0.04. A pesar de someter a los dispositivos Magmaris® a presiones de postdilatación ligeramente superiores (18.01 ± 2.15 vs. 17.20 ± 3.80 atm, p = 0.05), se identificó un menor porcentaje estadísticamente significativo de struts rotos o malapuestos en dicho grupo (0.15% vs. 0.27 %, p = 0.03 y 1.06 % vs. 1.46% p = 0.01). En un seguimiento a 30 días no se registraron eventos mayores: muerte cardíaca, IM relacionado con vaso diana o TLR. Conclusión: Las propiedades mecánicas del scaffold metálico bioresorbible Magmaris® permiten alcanzar mayores diámetros de stent y vaso de forma segura tras su implante, con una baja tasa de malaposición y disrupción.

Abstract Objective: To assess the tensile bond strength of prefabricated metal posts cemented with different luting agents. Material and Methods: Fifty single-rooted endodontically treated human teeth had their crowns cut, mounted into acrylic-resin blocks and then an 8mm depth post space were prepared. Prefabricated cylindrical metal posts were cemented using different luting agents: a zinc phosphate cement (SS White), a conventional glass ionomer cement (Vidrion C), two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Vitremer and RelyX Luting 2) and a resin cement (RelyX ARC). Samples were stored in distilled water for seven days and then submitted to a tensile bond strength test until complete dislocation of the post. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey test for pairwise multiple comparisons were used to evaluate differences between luting agents. Results: Tensile bond strength was 563.88±203.41 N for zinc phosphate cement, 336.86 ± 137.64 N for Vidrion C, 515.24 ± 239.48 N for Vitremer, 828.47±433.99 N for RelyX Luting 2 and 1262.51 ± 356.29 for RelyX ARC. The Relyx ARC presented the highest tensile bond strength regard the luting agent tested (p< 0.05). Conclusion: RelyX ARC presented the higher tensile bond strength compared to the other luting agents evaluated.

Abstract Brazil’s involvement in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) since 2011 has allowed for a direct participation as part of international peace and security efforts in the Middle East, strengthening the country’s credentials as it presents itself as a ‘peace provider’. Informed by academic contributions on issues of responsibility and recognition, the article discusses Brazil’s engagement with particular reference to UNIFIL’s Maritime Task Force, and the implications of such participation for its broader foreign and defence policy agenda.

O Rio Xingu possui um grande potencial hidrelétrico, especificamente na região da Volta da Grande, onde será instalada a Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. Para a implementação desse empreendimento, foi necessário o estudo de impacto ambiental, considerando a fauna, flora e os aspectos sociais. Com o objetivo de realizar a análise faunística das espécies de gafanhotos da Área de Influência Direta do Empreendimento Belo Monte, realizou-se um inventário, utilizando-se rede entomológica no período de novembro/2007 a agosto/2008. Foram coletados 2652 gafanhotos pertencentes a três famílias, 10 subfamílias, 18 tribos, 42 gêneros e 71 espécies. A análise faunística evidenciou que 74% das espécies foram consideradas raras ou mínimas e, quanto à constância, 54,9% destas foram classificadas como acidentais. Os maiores índices de diversidade e de riqueza dos gafanhotos ocorreram na área A2, que será inundada para formar o lago da hidrelétrica, o que poderá causar extinção local dessas espécies

The Xingu River has a huge hydroelectric potential, specifically in the Volta Grande, where the hydroelectric power station of Belo Monte will be installed. For the implementation of this construction project an environmental impact study was necessary, considering the fauna, flora and the social aspects. In order to perform the faunistic analysis of grasshoppers species in the area of direct influence of the construction project of Belo Monte, an inventory was carried out using entomological nets from November/2007 to August/2008. It was collected 2652 grasshoppers, which belonged to 3 families, 10 subfamilies, 18 tribes, 42 genera and 71 species. The faunistic analysis demonstrated that 74% of the species were classified as rare or minimal and with regard to constancy 54.9% were classified as accidental. The highest levels of diversity and richness of grasshoppers occurred in the area A2 that will be flooded to form the hydroelectric lake, which may cause local extinction of these species

Nanostructured polymer composites have opened up new perspectives for multi-functional materials. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential applications in order to improve mechanical and electrical performance in composites with aerospace application. This study focuses on the viscoelastic evaluation of phenolic resin reinforced carbon nanotubes, processed by using two techniques: aqueous-surfactant solution and three roll calender (TRC) process. According to our results a relative small amount of CNTs in a phenolic resin matrix is capable of enhancing the viscoelastic properties significantly and to modify the thermal stability. Also has been observed that when is used TRC process, the incorporation and distribution of CNT into phenolic resin is more effective when compared with aqueous solution dispersion process

OBJETIVO: o propósito do presente estudo in vitro foi avaliar a resistência de união de braquetes colados em pré-molares previamente submetidos ao clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35%. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 21 dentes pré-molares hígidos, divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 7). O grupo I (G1) incluiu os dentes que não foram submetidos ao clareamento. As superfícies de esmalte dos grupos II (G2) e III (G3) foram submetidas ao processo de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (Whiteness HP Maxx). No grupo II (G2), após o clareamento, os dentes foram armazenados por 24 horas em água destilada a 37ºC e, em seguida, braquetes metálicos para pré-molares foram colados utilizando resina Transbond XT (3M). O grupo III (G3) também foi submetido ao mesmo procedimento, sete dias após o clareamento. Após a colagem, todos os dentes foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas. Todos os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de tração utilizando-se máquina universal de ensaios Emic DL2000 a uma velocidade 0,5mm/min. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: a resistência à descolagem dos braquetes foi comparada entre os grupos por meio da utilização do teste não paramétrico Kruskall Wallis (p < 0,05), verificando-se que o agente clareador reduziu significativamente a adesão dos braquetes quando colados 24 horas após o clareamento. No entanto, 7 dias após o clareamento, não houve diferença na resistência à descolagem entre os grupos G1 (19,52kgf) e G3 (18,44kgf), sendo necessário, portanto, aguardar um maior tempo após o clareamento para a colagem de braquetes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the bond strength of brackets bonded to premolars previously subjected to bleaching with a 35% hydrogen peroxide. METHODS: Twenty one healthy premolars were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 7). Group I (G1) included teeth that were not submitted to bleaching. The enamel surfaces of Groups II (G2) and III (G3) were submitted to a bleaching process with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP Maxx). On Group II (G2), after bleaching, the teeth were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 98.6 ºF, and then, premolar metallic brackets were bonded using Transbond XT (3M) resin. Group III (G3) was submitted to the same procedure seven days after bleaching. After bonding, all teeth were stored in distilled water at 98.6 ºF for 24 hours. All groups were submitted to a traction test using an EMIC DL2000 universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bracket resistance to debonding was compared between the groups by the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (p < 0.05) and it was verified that the bleaching agent significantly reduced bracket adhesion when bonded 24 hours after bleaching. However, seven days after bleaching, there was no significant difference on the resistance to debonding among groups G1 (19,52 kgf) and G3 (18,44 kgf), meaning that it is necessary to wait longer after bleaching to bond brackets.

O gafanhoto Neotropical Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) vive associado às macrófitas da família Pontederiaceae da qual se alimenta. Nos lagos da Amazônia Central, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (mururé ou aguapé) é considerada a planta hospedeira de maior importante para este gafanhoto. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de realizar um estudo fenológico de adultos e ninfas desse gafanhoto em associação a sua planta hospedeira, frente ao regime hidrológico da Amazônia Central. Tal estudo foi realizado entre os meses de abril de 2006 a agosto de 2007 no Lago Camaleão (03º17'05"S 60º11'11"W), na várzea da Amazônia Central. Para isso, utilizou-se uma rede entomológica (70 cm de diâmetro) adaptada para a captura dos gafanhotos. Onde foram capturados 850 exemplares (296 adultos e 554 ninfas). Observou-se que a abundância e a biomassa de adultos e de ninfas de C. aquaticum, bem como de sua macrófita hospedeira, estão relacionados com a oscilação sazonal do nível do rio (pulso de inundação).

The Neotropical grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) lives associated with the macrophytes of the family Pontederiaceae from which it feeds. In the lakes of Central Amazon, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (water hyacinth or Mururé) is considered the most important host plant for this grasshopper. This study aimed to perform a phenological study of adults and nymphs of grasshopper in association with its host plant, compared to the hydrological regime of the Central Amazon. This study was undertaken between April 2006 and August 2007 at the Chameleon Lake (03 17'05"S, 60 11'11"W) in the Central Amazon floodplain. An entomological net adapted for catching grasshoppers was used. 850 individuals (296 adults and 554 nymphs) were captured. It was observed that the abundance and biomass of adults and nymphs of C. aquaticum, as well as their macrophyte host are related to the "flood pulse", ie. to the seasonal oscillations of the Amazonian rivers.

La tucura Neotropical, Cornops aquaticum (Bruner), vive asociada a las macrófitas de la familia Pontederiaceae, de las cuales se alimenta. En los lagos de la Amazonia Central, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (camalote o aguape) constituye la planta huésped más importante de esta tucura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la fenología de los adultos y las ninfas de C. aquaticum en los camalotales de E. crassipes, en relación al régimen hidrológico de la Amazonia Central. Los muestreos se realizaron entre los meses de abril de 2006 a agosto de 2007, en el Lago Camaleón (03º17'05"S 60º 11 '11 "O) en la Várzea de la Amazonia Central. Los individuos fueron capturados desde una embarcación a motor, utilizando una red entomológica de 70 cm de diámetro. Durante este estudio, se capturaron un total de 850 ejemplares (296 adultos y 554 ninfas). Se observó que la abundancia y la biomasa de los adultos y de las ninfas de C. aquaticum, así como la planta huésped, están estrechamente relacionados con la oscilación estacional del nivel del río (pulso de inundación).

Abstract Despite the large use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique in advanced polymer materials characterization, the new methodology called DSC in high heating rates was developed. The heating rate during conventional DSC experiments varying from 10 to 20ºC.min-1, sample mass from 10 to 15mg and standard aluminum sample pan weighting, approximately, 27mg. In order to contribute to a better comprehension of DSC behavior in different heating rates, this work correlates as high heating rate influences to the thermal events in DSC experiments. Samples of metallic standard (In, Pb, Sn and Zn) with masses varying from 0.570mg to 20.9mg were analyzed in multiples sample heating rate from 4 to 324ºC. min-1. In order to make properly all those experiments, a precise and careful temperature and enthalpy calibrations were performed and deeply discussed. Thus, this work shows a DSC methodology able to generate good and reliable results on experiments under any researcher choice heating rates to characterize the advanced materials used, for example, for aerospace industry. Also it helps the DSC users to find in their available instruments, already installed, a better and more accurate DSC test results, improving in just one shot the analysis sensitivity and resolution. Polypropylene melting and enthalpy thermal events are also studied using both the conventional DSC method and high heating rate method.

La Colección de Invertebrados del Museo Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) es secular y contiene 494 ejemplares de saltamontes Romaleidae. En este trabajo se presentan 11 especies que constituyen nuevos registros para el Brasil, la Región Amazónica, los estados brasileros de Acre, Mato Grosso, Pará y Tocantins.

The Invertebrate Collection of the Paraense Emílio Goeldi Museum (MPEG) is century-old and holds 494 specimens of Romaleidae grasshoppers. This work presents 11 species that constitute new records for Brazil, the Amazon Region and the Brazilian states of Acre, Mato Grosso, Pará and Tocantins.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma aplicação da relação de Poisson que pode ser utilizada em dados de magnetometria e gradiometria gravimétrica utilizando o exemplo na mesma região. A razão entre o contraste de suscetibilidade e o contraste de densidade (mapa litogeofísico) pode ser calculada. Como um teste destas técnicas, aplicamos esta relação nos dados de magnetometria e gradiometria gravimétrica 3D-FTG coletados na área do Baú-Gandarela no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A idéia principal foi estabelecer prioridades para prospecção de hematita na região supracitada. O mapa litogeofísico produzido mostra as regiões onde já existe uma mina de hematita e estabelece áreas para prospecção do minério.

We report here an application of the Poisson relation useful when a joint magnetic and gravity gradient survey has been made. Susceptibility contrast to density contrast ratio map (which we call the "pseudolithologic" map) can be estimated. As a test of these techniques we have applied to gravity gradiometry and magnetic airborne surveys collected over Baú-Gandarela area in Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The main idea here is to highlight the prospecting of hematites bodies in the area. The computed pseudolithologic map clearly distinguishes the regions of the map that we already have a hematite mine and hematites bodies.

Apesar do elevado número de espécies da fauna de insetos indutores de galhas na região Neotropical, muito pouco espécies foram descritas. Por outro lado, o morfotipo da galha associado com a espécie da planta hospedeira é em todo o mundo amplamente utilizado como um indicador da espécie de inseto indutor. Este estudo revê as espécies de cecidommídeos descritos e suas galhas para verificar a generalização do uso da morfologia da galha como indicador da espécie de cecidomíideo na fauna brasileira. Nós compilamos dados biológicos e taxonômicos de 196 espécies de cecidomiídeos em 128 espécies de plantas no Brasil. Noventa e dois porcento destas espécies foram monófagas, induzindo galhas em uma única espécie de planta hospedeira, enquanto somente 5,6% das espécies foram oligófagas, induzindo galhas em mais de uma espécie de planta do mesmo gênero. Somente quatro espécies induzem galhas em espécies de plantas de gêneros diferentes. Nós concluímos que o morfo-tipo da galha associado com a espécie da planta hospedeira e com o órgão atacado são indicadores confiáveis da espécie de insetos indutores de galhas.

Despite the speciose fauna of gall-inducing insects in the Neotropical region, little is known about their taxonomy. On the other hand, gall morphotypes associated with host species have been extensively used as a surrogate of the inducer species worldwide. This study reviewed the described gall midges and their galls to test the generalization on the use of gall morphotypes as surrogates of gall midge species in the Brazilian fauna. We compiled taxonomic and biological data for 196 gall midge species recorded on 128 host plant species. Ninety two percent of those species were monophagous, inducing galls on a single host plant species, whereas only 5.6% species were oligophagous, inducing galls on more than one congeneric host plant species. Only four species induced galls on more than one host plant genus. We conclude that gall morphotypes associated with information on the host plant species and attacked organs are reliable surrogates of the gall-inducing species.